Make your own darkroom prints, even without access to a darkroom. Makeshift

or dual-purpose spaces will work, if you follow these basics of

black-and-white developing techniques. Diagrams and specially-commissioned

photos simplify the use of developers, fixers, graduates, timers, and

thermometers. Guidance on using developing equipment covers enlargers,

lenses, trays, tanks, drums, and safelights. See how to process a negative

and turn out work prints, test strips, contacts, and proofs. The techniques

for making a final print include cropping, dodging, burning, preflashing,

soft focus, borders, vignetting, spotting, and retouching. Troubleshooting

sections point out all the potential pitfalls and how to avoid them, and

suggest rescue techniques for those times when things don't quite go

according to plan. Soon you will be able to create portraits and landscapes

that feature sepia toning, archival toning, and hand coloring, as well as

giant prints and posters.